Serotypes 2a, 3a and untypable isolates of Shigella flexneri were frequently detected. Many of the genes in S. sonnei are categorized as pseudogenes. Shigella, genus of rod-shaped bacteria in the family Enterobacteriaceae, species of which are normal inhabitants of the human intestinal tract and can cause dysentery, or shigellosis. infection, where two-thirds of all cases and deaths occur in children younger than 5 years (1). Its non-motile characteristic means that this species doesn’t have flagella to facilitate its movement like many other human enterobacteria. There are several types of shigella bacteria, including: Shigella sonnei, also called "group D" shigella, is responsible for most cases of shigellosis in the United States. 8. - In humans, the exotoxin also inhibits sugar and amino acid absorption in the small intestine. About 2% 1-4 of people who are infected with the type of Shigella called Shigella flexneri will experience post-infectious arthritis, which causes joint pains, eye irritation, and painful urination. Unlike many other pathogenic bacteria, S. sonnei does not use flagella for its chemotoxicity and tissue invasion. In the U.S., 70% cases of Shigellosis are caused by Shigella sonnei (5). Those infected with the bacteria release it into their stool, thus causing possibility of spread through food or water, or from direct contact to a person orally. [8] Most Shigella infection usually clears up without complications, but if left untreated or delay in diagnosis may lead to some serious complication such as dehydration (especially severe dehydration can lead to shock and death), seizure, hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), toxic megacolon, and reactive arthritis. Some people who are infected may have no symptoms at all, but may still pass the Shigella bacteria to others. However, they can still get infected with other types of Shigella. Class: Gamma proteobacteria The result of this sporadic lost of galactoside transport functional gene in S. sonnei explains the slow lactose fermentation process due to the fact that pseudogene is subject to constant decay from its original site of the initial encoded region (1,2,4). Since the evolutionary route away from the similarities of the E. coli genome, Shigella has been classified as another species. “Genome dynamics and diversity of Shigella species, the etiologic agents of bacillary dysentery”. Humans are the only natural hosts for S. dysenteriae, thou… It is only naturally found in humans and gorillas. Shigella sonnei is a rod-shape, Gram-negative bacterium. Ipa BC protein complex can cause the lysis of epithelial cell vacuoles and increase the uptake of Shigella sonnei by M cells and other epithelial cells (2, 15). Size – The size of Shigella dysenteriae is about 1–3 µm × 0.5 µm (micrometer).. Shigella is known for its promiscuity in terms of their ability to infect different cell types, such as enterocytes and M cells, and the intestinal epithelial cells (2). Its optimal environmental temperature is 37 degrees Celsius, similar to the temperature in the human body. Chromosomal DNA fragments carrying clyA of Shigella dysenteriae (clyA Sd), Shigella flexneri (clyA Sf), Shigella boydii (clyA Sb), and Shigella sonnei (clyA Ss) are schematically aligned with the clyA-carrying genome region of Escherichia coli K-12 MG1655. CHARACTERISTICS: Shigella spp., of the Enterobacteriaceae family, are gram-negative rod-shaped pathogenic bacteria (1). Yang, F., Yang, J. This page was last edited on 22 April 2011, at 19:12. From: The Comprehensive Sourcebook of Bacterial Protein Toxins (Third Edition), 2006 A Shiga toxin (Stx)-encoding temperate bacteriophage of Shigella sonnei strain CB7888 was investigated for its morphology, DNA similarity, host range, and lysogenization in Shigella and Escherichia coli strains. In contrast, equal numbers of S. sonnei and S. flexneri (26 cases each) were identified from blood (p<0.01 for the difference between proportions in the blood vs. feces). 4. 25) was determined after 6, 24 and 30 h incubation at 37°C. Shigella sonnei is the major cause of shigellosis from food. "General Information | Shigella – Shigellosis | CDC", "Shigellosis – Chapter 3 – 2016 Yellow Book | Travelers' Health | CDC", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shigella_sonnei&oldid=992584680, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Gram negative Shigella sonnei bacteria which spent 48 hours cultured on, This page was last edited on 6 December 2020, at 01:35. It is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, nonmotile, non-spore-forming bacterium. Niyogi, SK. Shigella are Gram-negative, nonmotile, nonsporeforming rod-shaped bacteria. Shigella is a genus of bacteria that is Gram-negative, facultative anaerobic, non-spore-forming, nonmotile, rod-shaped and genetically closely related to E. coli.The genus is named after Kiyoshi Shiga, who first discovered it in 1897.. Shiferaw, B., Shallow, S., Marcus, R., Segler, S., Soderlund, D., Hardnett, FP., and Van Gilder, T. “Trends in population-based active surveillance for shigellosis and demographic variability in FoodNet sites, 1996-1999”. The O-antigen component of LPS in Shigella sonnei is characterized differently among the other species of Shigella. The infection stays locally at the colon and rectal mucosa site where the bacteria cause major inflammatory destruction of the mucosal wall. One encoded ability is cellular invasion illness caused by a family of bacteria belonging to temperature... 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