This is the first and the lowest layer of Earth’s atmosphere. The atmosphere of Earth is divided into several different layers. Firstly, the ozone layer in the mid-latitude (e.g. It contains a high concentration of ozone(O3) in relation to other parts of the atmosphere, although still small in relation to other gases in the stratosphere. We live here Where weather occurs. The "Dobson unit", a convenient measure of the amount of ozone overhead, is named in his honor. The Galaxy Evolution Explorer, GALEX, is an orbiting ultraviolet space telescope launched on April 28, 2003, which operated until early 2012. Troposphere. Solar energy shoots in from space and splits that molecule into two atoms. The easiest way to think about the atmosphere above our planet is to imagine an invisible shield that protects our planet from all the bad stuff that floats around in the universe. The layer of the Earth's atmosphere that contains the ozone layer is the stratosphere. It contains a high concentration of ozone (O3) in relation to other parts of the atmosphere, although still small in relation to other gases in the stratosphere. The air in this layer is absolutely not friendly for us, as it would be impossible to breathe in the mesosphere because of too low oxygen levels. Ozone layer is here. Region of Earth's stratosphere that absorbs most of the Sun's ultraviolet radiation. Somewhere it is around 100,000 km, but it can expand up to 190,000 km above sea level. Thermosphere. The correct answer: The layer of the atmosphere which contains the ozone layer is D) Stratosphere. When air expands it cools. These same models predict that the Antarctic ozone layer will recover around 2040. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. The Earth’s atmosphere is split into many different layers of gas. The ozone molecule is unstable (although, in the stratosphere, long-lived) and when ultraviolet light hits ozone it splits into a molecule of O2 and an individual atom of oxygen, a continuing process called the ozone-oxygen cycle. Higher still is the thin air of the mesosphere, where meteors burn up. MadebyPratik 3 The layer of atmosphere which contains the ozone is the stratospheric layer. #1 This is the atmospheric layer that is closest to the Earth's surface. [9] The highest amounts of ozone are found over the Arctic during the spring months of March and April, but the Antarctic has their lowest amounts of ozone during their summer months of September and October, The ozone layer can be depleted by free radical catalysts, including nitric oxide (NO), nitrous oxide (N2O), hydroxyl (OH), atomic chlorine (Cl), and atomic bromine (Br). Measurements of the sun showed that the radiation sent out from its surface and reaching the ground on Earth is usually consistent with the spectrum of a black body with a temperature in the range of 5,500–6,000 K (5,227 to 5,727 °C), except that there was no radiation below a wavelength of about 310 nm at the ultraviolet end of the spectrum. It was deduced that the missing radiation was being absorbed by something in the atmosphere. Ozone is a gas that is naturally present in our atmosphere. remaining ozone (90%) resides inthe stratosphere, primarily between the top of the troposphere and about 50 kilome-ters (31 miles) altitude. The chemical waste that humans create by using products such as aerosols and older air conditioners is the main cause of ozone depletion. Eventually the spectrum of the missing radiation was matched to only one known chemical, ozone. This GALEX image of the Cygnus Loop nebula could not have been taken from the surface of the Earth because the ozone layer blocks the ultra-violet radiation emitted by the nebula. This page was last edited on 29 November 2020, at 12:37. It contains most of the ozone in the form of ozone layer. The reasons for these variations are due to atmospheric circulation patterns and solar intensity. In general, air pressure and density decrease with altitude in the atmosphere. The large amount of ozone in the stratosphere is often referred to as the “ozone layer.” Ozone and Oxygen Ozone in the Atmosphere Also, this layer of the atmosphere has the lowest temperature of all layers, and they drop down to -90° C. The layer that is located between 500 and 1000 km above the Earth’s level is known as the thermosphere. This happens at wavelengths that are shorter than 240 nanometers. [9] Thickness refers to how much ozone is in a column over a given area and varies from season to season. The layer is essential because it helps to absorb 97-99% of the sun’s ultraviolet light, potentially dangerous to the human, animal, and plant life. It is no different from the ozone in the ozone layer. The Stratosphere: Ozone's Home. Each ozone molecule contains three atoms of oxygen and is denoted chemically as O 3. The ozone layer, the one that protects us from radiation that comes from the Sun and outer space, is found in the stratosphere. Ques : Which layer of the atmosphere is rich in ozone? It starts from the ground (or sea level) of our planet and expands up to 10 km up in the sky. All life on this planet is affected by the changes that happen in this layer, as all the weather changes take place in the troposphere. So air higher up is cooler than air lower down. The ozone layer is on the lowest part of the stratosphere, which is 15km to 35km above the earth’s surface. One of these is called the ozone layer, a 4.3-mile (7-km) thick part of the stratosphere that contains most of the world’s ozone. The ozone in this region is commonly known as the ozone layer. ". This portion of the atmosphere is partially ionized and contains a plasma which is referred to as the ionosphere. Most ozone (about 90%) resides in a layer that begins between 6 and 10 miles (10 and 17 kilometers) above the Earth's surface and extends up to about 30 miles (50 kilometers). The ozone layer is mainly found in the lower portion of the stratosphere, fro… We often describe the ozone layer thickness in the form of Dobson units. All maps, graphics, flags, photos and original descriptions © 2020 worldatlas.com. It contains much of the ozone in the atmosphere. layers of Earth's atmosphere. The air here is extremely thin, and the conditions here are more similar to the ones we find when we leave the Earth’s atmosphere entirely. This rise in temperature is caused by the absorption of ultraviolet radiation (UV) radiation from the Sun by the ozone layer, which restricts turbulence and mixing. The exosphere is the top layer, fading off into space. The ozone layer forms when molecular oxygen absorbs the extremely high amounts of energy coming from the Sun. The ozone layer is a portion of the Earth’s atmosphere that contains relatively high levels of ozone, O 3.The Earth’s atmosphere consists of many different layers and is made up primarily of nitrogen, with oxygen being the second-most common element. Beginning January 1, 1996, only recycled and stockpiled CFCs were available for use in developed countries like the US. But if you want to understand what ozone's all about, you need to understand that it can be good, and it can be bad. The mesosphere goes up to 85 km above the surface of our planet, and the temperatures here behave as they do in the troposphere. The temperatures rise from around -76°F (-60°C) at the start of the stratosphere to about 5°F (-15°C) at the stratopause. The Stratosphere: Ozone's Home . Watch this video to know everything about the air around us. over Australia) is thinned, leading to more UV radiation reaching the earth. above troposphere, contains ozone layer, the layer of the atmosphere that lies between the troposphere and the mesosphere and in which temperature increases as altitude increases; contains the ozone layer While there is some ozone in the mesosphere, it does not contain most of the ozone layer. Molina, M., Zaelke, D., Sarma, M. K., Andersen, S.O., Ramanathan, V., and Kaniaru, D. (2009). This region of the atmosphere is called the stratosphere. This layer contains the ozone layer which protects us from the harmful ultraviolet radiations of the sun. This layer contains the ozone layer which protects us from the harmful ultraviolet radiations of the sun. The atmosphere is made up of five total layers, varying in... See full answer below. The ozone layer serves a vital role in the protection of our planet, as the molecules of ozone prevent ultraviolet light from the Sun to hit our planet without stopping. It is the densest atmospheric layer and contains 90% of the atmosphere's total mass. 2nd layer of the atmosphere; weather balloons rise through this layer; contains the ozone layer Mesosphere it is the 3rd (or middle) layer of the atmosphere; "shooting stars" or meteors can seen as a flash of light in this layer; coldest layer Xu, Y., Zaelke, D., Velders, G. This extends upwards from the tropopause to about 50 km. Unlike other layers, which are mostly distinguishable from one another, it is hard to say how far the exosphere is from the surface of the planet. This is the first and the lowest layer of Earth’s atmosphere. This layer is under constant attack from the X-rays and UV radiation coming from the Sun and the space around us. Some ODSs, including CFCs, have very long atmospheric lifetimes, ranging from 50 to over 100 years. Nevertheless, some UV-B, particularly at its longest wavelengths, reaches the surface, and is important for the skin's production of vitamin D. Ozone is transparent to most UV-A, so most of this longer-wavelength UV radiation reaches the surface, and it constitutes most of the UV reaching the Earth. + The good kind of ozone The stratosphere is the layer of the atmosphere from 10 to 30 miles above sea level. The ozone layer is a portion of the Earth’s atmosphere that contains relatively high levels of ozone, O 3.The Earth’s atmosphere consists of many different layers and is made up primarily of nitrogen, with oxygen being the second-most common element. The troposphere contains about 75% of all of the air in the atmosphere, and almost all of the water vapour (which forms clouds and rain). Although the concentration of the ozone in the ozone layer is very small, it is vitally important to life because it absorbs biologically harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation coming from the sun. This tracer helps scientists study ocean circulation by tracing biological, physical and chemical pathways [22]. That is why climbing high mountain peaks is so challenging! How? CONCORDE, the supersonic airliner, may be destroying the ozone layer far faster than anyone anticipated, by leaving a hitherto unnoticed fog of sulphuric acid in its wake. The thickness of the ozone layer varies worldwide and is generally thinner near the equator and thicker near the poles. The stratospheric ozone layer protects life on Earth by absorbing ultraviolet light, which damages DNA in plants and animals (including humans) and leads to skin cancer. Protection from ultraviolet radiation from the sun 4. The majority of ozone is produced over the tropics and is transported towards the poles by stratospheric wind patterns. On the other hand, because of the impact of greenhouse gas warming, the ozone layer over the tropics and mid-southern latitudes may not recover for more than a century, and perhaps not ever. Ozone layer, also called ozonosphere, region of the upper atmosphere, between roughly 15 and 35 km (9 and 22 miles) above Earth’s surface, containing relatively high concentrations of ozone molecules (O 3 ). More about ozone layer depletion. Layers of the Atmosphere (Main) Troposphere Stratosphere Mesosphere Thermosphere. Temperatures in the stratosphere are highest over the summer pole, and lowest over the winter pole.By absorbing dangerous UV radiation, the ozone in the stratosphere protects us from skin cancer and other health damage. This layer goes up around 50 km above the Earth’s ground. The reason airplanes fly through the stratosphere is that doing so is the most efficient way for fuel consumption. The ozone in this region is commonly known as the ozone layer. [2] Its properties were explored in detail by the British meteorologist G. M. B. Dobson, who developed a simple spectrophotometer (the Dobsonmeter) that could be used to measure stratospheric ozone from the ground. By Antonia Čirjak on May 1 2020 in Geography. Ozone (O3) is a gas which is present naturally within Earth's atmosphere. The ionosphere isn't actually a layer of the atmosphere but regions in the layers where … Above is the stratosphere, which includes the ozone layer. The good news is that the stratospheric ozone layer absorbs all UV-C, the most deadly form, and even a thinned ozone layer is unlikely to let much through. Protection from meteoroids. J.M., Fahey D. W., Daniel, J. S., McFarland, M. and Andersen, S.O (2009). ". The ozone layer extends from 20 km to 40 km of height above sea level in the stratosphere layer because the stratosphere layer is the first layer in the atmosphere which contains a suitable amount of oxygen gas, that faces ultraviolet radiations emitted from the Sun. The ozone layer or ozone shield is a region of Earth's stratosphere that absorbs most of the Sun's ultraviolet radiation. Research has found that the ozone levels in the United States are highest in the spring months of April and May and lowest in October. • This layer absorbs UV-radiations from the sunlight and prevent it from reaching the earth surface. The decrease in temperature with height is a result of the decreasing pressure. If a parcel of air moves upwards it expands (because of the lower pressure). Ozone is a big buzz word these days. The layer of atmosphere that contains the maximum ozone is stratopshere. • The ozone layer is a layer in earth’s atmosphere which contains 90% of atmospheric ozone(O3). The chemical waste that humans create by using products such as aerosols and older air conditioners is the main cause of ozone depletion. International Day for the Preservation of the Ozone Layer, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Scientists discover Ozone Layer on Venus", "Photolysis of Atmospheric Ozone in the Ultraviolet Region", "NOAA Study Shows Nitrous Oxide Now Top Ozone-Depleting Emission", "Stratospheric Ozone and Surface Ultraviolet Radiation", "Large losses of total ozone in Antarctica reveal seasonal ClO, "The Evolution of Policy Responses to Stratospheric Ozone Depletion", "Brief Questions and Answers on Ozone Depletion", "Emergence of healing in the Antarctic ozone layer", "Observations of CFCs and SF6 as Ocean Tracers", The Large Contribution of Projected HFC Emissions to Future Climate Forcing", "The Importance of the Montreal Protocol in Protecting Climate", Reducing Abrupt Climate Change Risk Using the Montreal Protocol and Other Regulatory Actions to Complement Cuts in CO2 Emissions", "Technology Transfer for the Ozone Layer: Lessons for Climate Change", Protecting the Ozone Layer: Science and Strategy, Stratospheric ozone: an electronic textbook, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ozone_layer&oldid=991317617, Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles needing additional references from February 2013, All articles needing additional references, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2017, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Velders, G. [9] When ozone is produced by solar UV radiation in the tropics, it is done so by circulation lifting ozone-poor air out of the troposphere and into the stratosphere where the sun photolyzes oxygen molecules and turns them into ozone. Consequently, unabsorbed and dangerous ultraviolet radiation is able to reach the Earth's surface at a higher intensity. Concerns that increased UV radiation due to ozone depletion threatened life on Earth, including increased skin cancer in humans and other ecological problems,[4] led to bans on the chemicals, and the latest evidence is that ozone depletion has slowed or stopped. • It’s thickness varies seasonally and geographically. Extremely short or vacuum UV (10–100 nm) is screened out by nitrogen. • The ozone layer is found in the lower portion of the stratosphere from about 20 to 30 km above the earth’s surface. To support successful regulation attempts, the ozone case was communicated to lay persons "with easy-to-understand bridging metaphors derived from the popular culture" and related to "immediate risks with everyday relevance". The ozone layer is destroyed over time by products that contain chlorofluorocarbons. The Earth's ozone layer ozone layerThe region of the stratosphere containing the bulk of atmospheric ozone. The Earth’s atmosphere is split into many different layers of gas. The layer of atmosphere which contains the ozone is the stratospheric layer. The stratosphere is the next layer of the atmosphere. We mostly hear about the ozone layer, and the importance of protecting it. The ozone layer contains less than 10 parts per million of ozone, while the average ozone concentration in Earth's atmosphere as a whole is about 0.3 parts per million. In 1976, atmospheric research revealed that the ozone layer was being depleted by chemicals released by industry, mainly chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). Since that time, the treaty was amended to ban CFC production after 1995 in the developed countries, and later in developing countries. It is formed of three oxygen atoms (giving it the chemical formula, O3). Although, technically we call it the atmosphere – the circle of air. The stratosphere is the mass of protective gases cling ing to our planet. After negotiation of an international treaty (the Montreal Protocol), CFC production was capped at 1986 levels with commitments to long-term reductions. The ozone layer, in the stratosphere, is where about 90% of the ozone in the Earth system is found. [18] Today, all of the world's 197 countries have signed the treaty. In the northern hemisphere these patterns, known as the Brewer-Dobson circulation, make the ozone layer thickest in the spring and thinnest in the fall. Venus also has a thin ozone layer at an altitude of 100 kilometers above the planet's surface.[5]. Compounds containing C–H bonds (such as hydrochlorofluorocarbons, or HCFCs) have been designed to replace CFCs in certain applications. After the stratosphere, you move into the … Almost all clouds you see up in the sky appear in the troposphere, and 99% of the water that vaporizes from the surface is found here. The stratosphere is the next layer of the atmosphere. The stratosphere gets its name because it is stratified, or layered: as elevation increases, the stratosphere gets warmer. Ionosphere. Then, the ozone-rich air is carried to higher latitudes and drops into lower layers of the atmosphere.[9]. 2nd layer of the atmosphere; weather balloons rise through this layer; contains the ozone layer Mesosphere it is the 3rd (or middle) layer of the atmosphere; "shooting stars" or meteors can seen as a flash of light in this layer; coldest layer LAYERS OF THE ATMOSPHERE The troposphere is the lowest layer of the atmosphere and contains 75 per cent of all its gases. The United Nations General Assembly has designated September 16 as the International Day for the Preservation of the Ozone Layer. It extends anywhere from 4 to 12 miles (6 to 20 km) above Earth's surface up to 31 miles (50 km). In the stratosphere incoming solar radiation creates the ozone layer. The ozone layer is the part of the Earth's atmosphere which contains relatively high concentrations of ozone (O3). [12] The discovery of the annual depletion of ozone above the Antarctic was first announced by Joe Farman, Brian Gardiner and Jonathan Shanklin, in a paper which appeared in Nature on May 16, 1985.[13]. This is when we talk about the levels of oxygen, the one layer that contains the most of this gas every living thing on this planet needs. 2008 - October 4, 2008PNG. Ozone in the Earth's stratosphere is created by ultraviolet light striking ordinary oxygen molecules containing two oxygen atoms (O2), splitting them into individual oxygen atoms (atomic oxygen); the atomic oxygen then combines with unbroken O2 to create ozone, O3. About 10% of atmospheric ozone is in the troposphere, the region closest to Earth (from the surface to about 10–16 kilometers (6–10 miles)). The stratosphere is the layer of the atmosphere where we can find the ozone layer. Planes usually fly in the lowest parts of the stratosphere layer. The furthest layer, the mesosphere, is found roughly 50 km to 80 km above sea level. The ozone layer is one layer of the stratosphere, the second layer of the Earth’s atmosphere.The stratosphere is the mass of protective gases clinging to our planet. ", Zaelke, D., and Borgford-Parnell, N. (2015). The ozone layer is located in the lower part of the stratosphere, in a space between 20 and 30 kilometers above the earth. The ozone layer contains less than 10 parts per million of ozone, while the average ozone concentration in Earth's atmosphere as a whole is about 0.3 parts per million. This molecule plays an important role acting … CONCORDE, the supersonic airliner, may be destroying the ozone layer far faster than anyone anticipated, by leaving a hitherto unnoticed fog of sulphuric acid in its wake. The "bad ozone" is in the troposphere. The intact ozone layer does, however, let through some UV-A, especially when the sun is high in the sky, and a very small amount of UV-B. You have guessed it, high temperatures are the name of the game here. The Ozone Layer is the portion of the atmosphere that contains high levels of the oxygen molecule ozone. This production phaseout was possible because of efforts to ensure that there would be substitute chemicals and technologies for all ODS uses. [19], On August 2, 2003, scientists announced that the global depletion of the ozone layer may be slowing down because of the international regulation of ozone-depleting substances. Each ozone molecule contains three atoms of oxygen and is denoted chemically as O 3. The troposphere is the lowest layer of the atmosphere and contains 75 per cent of all its gases. [15] Lay people were cautious about a depletion of the ozone layer and the risks of skin cancer. Regular oxygen molecules, known to science-types as O2, are made up of two oxygen atoms stuck together. These are man-made chemical compounds comprised of chlorine, fluorine and carbon. UV-C, which is very harmful to all living things, is entirely screened out by a combination of dioxygen (< 200 nm) and ozone (> about 200 nm) by around 35 kilometres (115,000 ft) altitude. While there are natural sources for all of these species, the concentrations of chlorine and bromine increased markedly in recent decades because of the release of large quantities of man-made organohalogen compounds, especially chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and bromofluorocarbons. In this layer, the temperature rises as you go further up, and it has something to do with the ozone layer that is found inside the stratosphere. In this … Ozone concentrations are greatest between about 20 and 40 kilometres (66,000 and 131,000 ft), where they range from about 2 to 8 parts per million. On earth, you will find over 90% of the ozone layer. UV-B radiation can be harmful to the skin and is the main cause of sunburn; excessive exposure can also cause cataracts, immune system suppression, and genetic damage, resulting in problems such as skin cancer. Ozone concentrations are measured in Dobson Units (DU): this is number of molecules of ozone that would be required to create a layer of pure ozone 0.01 millimeters thick at a temperature of 0 degrees Celsius and a pressure of 1 atmosphere. An Interview with Lee Thomas, EPA's 6th Administrator. The higher we go in this layer of the atmosphere, the ‘’thinner’’ the air gets, meaning it is significantly harder for us humans to breathe. The ozone layer was discovered in 1913 by the French physicists Charles Fabry and Henri Buisson. These replacement compounds are more reactive and less likely to survive long enough in the atmosphere to reach the stratosphere where they could affect the ozone layer. However, temperature has a more complicated profile with altitude, and may remain relatively constant or even increase with altitude in some regions (see the temperature section, below). The stratosphere defines a layer in which temperatures rise with increasing altitude. The first layer from the earth surface is the troposphere. This region of the atmosphere is called the stratosphere. Each layer has its own properties, depending on how far you are from the surface of the planet. The residual effects of CFCs accumulating within the atmosphere lead to a concentration gradient between the atmosphere and the ocean. Mesosphere. [11], The breakdown of ozone in the stratosphere results in reduced absorption of ultraviolet radiation. The stratosphere is the second layer of the atmosphere and the one where the ozone layer is formed and where the planes fly in. Data collected in the upper atmosphere have shown that there has been a general thinning of the ozone layer over most of the globe. As the name suggests, we are halfway up our atmosphere layers when we reach this part. Its structure means that In the late 20th century, human emissions of chemical substances called halocarbons adversely affected the amount of ozone molecules in the atmosphere, most notably resulting in the dramatic annual ozone … Traps energy from the sun to keep the planet warm 3. This type of UV radiation is significantly less harmful to DNA, although it may still potentially cause physical damage, premature aging of the skin, indirect genetic damage, and skin cancer.[8]. If all of the ozone were compressed to the pressure of the air at sea level, it would be only 3 millimetres (1⁄8 inch) thick.[6]. The UV light is not technically stopped, but the conversion from UV light to heat happens (which is why holes in the ozone layer are so dangerous). The ozone layer protects life on Earth from harmful solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation. atmosphere, contain two oxygen atoms bound together. The European Community rejected an analogous proposal to do the same. Simple chemistry. It contains the ozone layer, which is the part of Earth's atmosphere that contains relatively high concentrations of that gas. The thermosphere contains an electrically charged layer that radio waves bounce off. By 2009, nitrous oxide was the largest ozone-depleting substance (ODS) emitted through human activities. The Troposphere. The ozone layer (which absorbs from about 200 nm to 310 nm with a maximal absorption at about 250 nm)[7] is very effective at screening out UV-B; for radiation with a wavelength of 290 nm, the intensity at the top of the atmosphere is 350 million times stronger than at the Earth's surface. A. Troposphere B. Stratosphere C. Mesosphere D. Thermosphere Ans : B. Stratosphere The ozone layer helps to protect life from harmful ultraviolet radiation. [12] A gradual trend toward "healing" was reported in 2016.[20]. Although, technically we call it the atmosphere – the circle of air. This is the layer where most commercial airliners fly and weather balloons travel to. [citation needed] The specific metaphors used in the discussion (ozone shield, ozone hole) proved quite useful[14] and, compared to global climate change, the ozone case was much more seen as a "hot issue" and imminent risk. Find out what caused the ozone hole, and how the 1989 Montreal Protocol sought to put an end to ozone depletion. The stratosphere is the layer of the atmosphere from 10 to 30 miles above sea level. Most of the light from young hot stars is in the ultraviolet and so study of these wavelengths is important for studying the origins of galaxies. The ozone layer lies approximately 15-40 kilometers (10-25 miles) above the Earth's surface, in the stratosphere. [10] These highly stable compounds are capable of surviving the rise to the stratosphere, where Cl and Br radicals are liberated by the action of ultraviolet light. The ozone layer is depleted in two ways. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, searchThe ozone layer is a layer in Earth's atmosphere which contains relatively high concentrations of ozone (O 3).This layer absorbs 97–99% of the Sun's high frequency ultraviolet light, which is potentially damaging to the life forms on Earth. All life on this planet is … It extends … That is because of the absorption of ultraviolet radiation. The ozone layer is present as a part of the stratosphere which is the second layer of the atmosphere above the earth's crust. It has been estimated that the ozone layer will recover to 1980 levels near the middle of the 21st century. NASA images courtesy Goddard Space Flight Center Ozone Processing Team. The ozone layer (shield) is part of the Earth's stratosphere. The ozone layer or ozone shield is a region of Earth's stratosphere that absorbs most of the Sun's ultraviolet radiation. Some breakdown can be expected to continue because of ODSs used by nations which have not banned them, and because of gases which are already in the stratosphere. Anderson, S. O., Sarma, M. K., and Taddonio, K. (2007). Scientists often refer to the part of the atmosphere where ozone is most depleted as the ‘ozone hole’, but it is not really a hole—just a vast region of the upper atmosphere where there is less ozone than elsewhere. In 1978, the United States, Canada and Norway enacted bans on CFC-containing aerosol sprays that damage the ozone layer. The layer is mainly calm as the gases are slow due to the increasing temperature. Ozone is mainly found in two regions of the Earth's atmosphere. This rise in temperature is caused by the absorption of ultraviolet radiation (UV) radiation from the Sun by the ozone layer, which restricts turbulence and mixing. 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